Physical design is a critical phase in the field of integrated circuit (IC) design, where the logical design of a semiconductor chip is transformed into a physical representation suitable for manufacturing. This phase is a crucial step in the development of electronic devices, such as microprocessors, memory chips, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
MOS Operation, I-V Characteristics of MOS, Inverter Operation, Nand/Nor CMOS Circuits, MOS Second-order Effects, Overview of ASIC/SOC design flow and Overview of Physical Design online course flow.