It involves creating pre-designed, reusable blocks of logic gates and flip-flops known as "cells." These cells are assembled to form complex digital circuits, providing a structured and efficient way to design ICs. Standard cells are characterized by their fixed height and width, making them suitable for the layout phase. Layout design is the process of physically arranging these cells on a silicon wafer, considering factors like signal routing, power distribution, and minimizing delays. The structured nature of standard cell design simplifies the layout process and enhances the ability to meet performance and power consumption requirements in ICs.